{"id":7065,"date":"2021-03-15T21:12:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T13:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/?p=7065"},"modified":"2021-03-16T20:55:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T12:55:57","slug":"%e5%ad%9f%e6%8c%af%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%bb%e6%95%99%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%97%e7%94%9f%e9%97%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/?p=7065","title":{"rendered":"\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7f57\u751f\u95e8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u524d\u9635\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u5728\u552e\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u8096\u50cf\u7167\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3a\u201cMissionnaire en Chine\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u90a3\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u533a\u7684\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5355\u4eba\u8096\u50cf\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6211\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e09\u5f20\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5f20\u662f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4e0b\u914d\u56fe\uff0c\u6234\u7740\u796d\u5dfe\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2d\u897f\u5408\u74a7\u7684\u642d\u914d\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u58eb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u201c\u7279\u8d50\u6069\u5178\u201d\uff1b\u4e00\u5f20\u662f\u6570\u5e74\u524d\u670b\u53cb\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u76f8\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\uff0c\u7a7f\u7740\u793c\u670d\u6234\u7740\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u5e3d\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u518d\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u5f20\uff0c\u6234\u7740\u5c0f\u5706\u5e3d\uff0c\u957f\u53ca\u8098\u7684\u62ab\u80a9\u4e0b\u65b9\u662f\u857e\u4e1d\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u4e0a\u8863\u3002\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u51e0\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7167\u7247\u91cc\u4e2d\u5f0f\u7684\u7167\u76f8\u9986\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u6cd5\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u7f72\u524d\u540e\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u91cc\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"819\" src=\"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7066\" srcset=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng01.jpg 600w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng01-220x300.jpg 220w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng01-110x150.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0b\u7684\u7167\u7247<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"905\" src=\"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7067\" srcset=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng02.jpg 600w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng02-199x300.jpg 199w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng02-99x150.jpg 99w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u6234\u7740\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u5e3d\u7684\u5b5f\u632f\u751f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"778\" src=\"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/jiubeitang10-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4672\" srcset=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/jiubeitang10-1.jpg 600w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/jiubeitang10-1-116x150.jpg 116w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/jiubeitang10-1-231x300.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u6234\u7740\u5c0f\u5706\u5e3d\u7684\u5b5f\u632f\u751f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"857\" src=\"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng03.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7069\" srcset=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng03.jpg 600w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng03-210x300.jpg 210w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng03-105x150.jpg 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u6211\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7167\u7247<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\uff08Joseph-Martial Mouly, 1807-1868\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5357\u90e8-\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u5927\u533a\u6d1b\u7279\u7701\u7684\u83f2\u96c5\u514b\uff08Figeac\uff0c\u6309\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\uff09\uff0c1827\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u6cd5\u56fd\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\uff0c1831\u5e74\u664b\u94ce\uff0c1834\u5e74\u542f\u7a0b\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u542f\u7a0b\u4e1c\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u9014\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u4e8e\u9053\u5149\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u964d\u751f\u540e\u4e00\u5343\u516b\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u6d0b\u5386\u516d\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u884c\u62b5\u6fb3\u95e8\u3002\u201d[1]\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u57281834\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff1a\u201c\u7ecf\u963f\u6d32\u4e4b\u559c\u671b\u5cf0\uff08\u597d\u671b\u89d2\uff09\uff0c\u4e43\u6ce2\u6d9b\u6c79\u6d8c\uff0c\u8986\u821f\u6c89\u8239\u4e4b\u9669\u5ce1\uff0c\u4f59\u4ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6027\u547d\u4e0d\u4fdd\u3002\u201d[2] \u5230\u4e86\u6fb3\u95e8\u9996\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5954\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u884c\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u4e4b\u4e45\u201d\u3002\u96cd\u6b63\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081724\u5e74\uff09\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u518d\u6b21\u7981\u6559\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9664\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u7684\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u5145\u4f5c\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u7528\u9014\u2026\u2026\u5185\u5730\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u7a77\u4e61\u50fb\u58e4\uff0c\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e54\u88c5\u6539\u626e\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u88ab\u5b98\u5e9c\u6349\u62ff\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e78\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u201d[3]\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u8fdb\u4eac\u4e4b\u8def\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8270\u9669\uff1a\u201c\u9014\u4e2d\u6050\u4eba\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ece\u8005\u5c06\u4f59\u626e\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u6668\u4ee5\u8336\u982e\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u989c\u8272\u9ee7\u9ec4\u3002\u6bcf\u4f11\u606f\u65c5\u5bd3\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u88c0\u8925\u8499\u9996\uff0c\u9762\u58c1\u800c\u5367\u3002\u5e97\u4f19\u6050\u67d3\u75ab\u7658\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u903c\u89c6\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5468\u9632\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u514d\u542f\u4eba\u7591\u7aa6\uff0c\u51e0\u88ab\u67e5\u83b7\u8005\u518d\u3002\u201d[4]1835\u5e74\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u795e\u7236\u6084\u6084\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u5954\u5357\u5802\u53bb\u627e\u6bd5\u5b66\u6e90\uff08Gaetano Pires Pereira, 1763-1838\uff09\u795e\u7236\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u7981\u6559\u4e4b\u540e\u6bd5\u795e\u7236\u4e5f\u8fc7\u5f97\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u4efb\u804c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u72ec\u5c45\u5357\u5802\uff0c\u5dee\u5b98\u9632\u4e4b\u751a\u4e25\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u4ed6\u5f80\u3002\u201d[5]\u6211\u60f3\u6700\u96be\u8fc7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u4f4f\u5728\u5317\u5802\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u533a\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u795e\u7236\u859b\u739b\u7aa6\uff081780-1860\uff09\u56e0\u4e3a\u5317\u5802\u88ab\u7c4d\u6ca1\uff0c\u6084\u6084\u8dd1\u53bb\u5357\u5802\u6295\u9760\u6bd5\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u906d\u4eba\u4e3e\u62a5\u53ea\u597d\u9003\u53bb\u4e86\u585e\u5916\u7684\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\u6751\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u5c55\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u6f5c\u7406\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u533a\u3002\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\u6751\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u5802\u3001\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u548c\u5973\u6821\u7684\u5174\u5efa\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9547\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f20\u5bb6\u53e3\u5d07\u793c\u53bf\uff0c2022\u5e74\u51ac\u5965\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3e\u529e\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u3001\u6bd5\u4e8c\u795e\u7236\u5728\u5357\u5802 \u201c\u5feb\u8c08\u5f7b\u591c\u201d\uff0c\u6bd5\u795e\u7236\u6570\u5e74\u6765\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u201c\u5b64\u82e6\u96f6\u4e01\u3001\u65e0\u4eba\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u81f3\u662f\u6101\u6000\u5c3d\u901d\uff0c\u559c\u4e0d\u81ea\u80dc\u3002\u201d[6]\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b5f\u795e\u7236\u7559\u4eac\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\u4e0e\u859b\u795e\u7236\u4f1a\u548c\uff0c\u4ea4\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7684\u5230\u6765\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u5317\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5404\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u5ef7\u4f20\u4fe1\u90e8\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u4fee\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f20\u4fe1\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7\u79f0\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u533a\u7531\u6559\u7687\u4ee3\u7267\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u9636\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u6559\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u4ee5\u7701\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\u533a\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u5927\u81f4\u7531\u5982\u4e0b\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4fee\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u591a\u540d\u6211\u4f1a\uff08\u798f\u5efa\uff09\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\uff08\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u53ca\u76f4\u96b6\u5357\u90e8\uff09\u3001\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\uff08\u76f4\u96b6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\uff09\u3001\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\uff08\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u548c\u9655\u897f\uff09\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\uff08\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u6ee1\u6d32\u53ca\u897f\u85cf\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u4fee\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fdb\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u8be5\u533a\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u5206\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u3002\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u859b\u739b\u7aa6\u548c\u6bd5\u5b66\u6e90\u90fd\u96b6\u5c5e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\uff0c\u859b\u795e\u7236\u4e0e\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4ea4\u63a5\u540e\u5c31\u4ed6\u5f80\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u6bd5\u5b66\u6e90\u5219\u4e8e1838\u5e74\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u5357\u5802\u30021840\u5e74\u6559\u7687\u5c06\u8499\u53e4\u548c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5355\u72ec\u5212\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1842\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u9633\u66f2\u7684\u7ea2\u6c9f\u5b50\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u5347\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u793c\uff0c1846\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5386\u8ba9\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u6709\u4e86\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e2d\u6cd5\u7b7e\u7ea6\u524d\u540e\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e2d\u6cd5\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u793c\u90e8\u8859\u95e8\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff08\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\uff0c1860\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u65e5\u4e2d\u82f1\u53cc\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u6761\u7ea6\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u6446\u5728\u5955\u8a22\u9762\u524d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u4f55\u65f6\u80fd\u64a4\u51fa\u4eac\u57ce\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u591a\u6761\u60c5\u62a5\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u4ece\u6d0b\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u60c5\u62a5\u90fd\u884c\uff0c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u62a5\u7f51\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9887\u6709\u4e9b\u7f57\u751f\u95e8\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u63a5\u7ba1\u5317\u5802\u7684\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\u795e\u7236\u66fe\u7ecf\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u65f6\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u9002\u5728\u76f4\u96b6\u5404\u5904\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u95fb\u4e2d\u897f\u6406\u5175\uff0c\u4e0d\u754f\u950b\u955d\uff0c\u8fd1\u81f3\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u76f8\u673a\u8c03\u5904\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u65e9\u77e5\u5176\u5df2\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u6f5c\u5f52\uff0c\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u95ee\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u4e8b\u6025\uff0c\u7279\u6d3e\u5927\u5458\u5f20\u9521\u7eb6\u8058\u4e4b\u8fdb\u4eac\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u5055\u8463\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u540c\u4e8e\u662f\u6708\uff08\u5341\u6708\uff09\u6d0b\u5386\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81f3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u8425\u3002\u201d[7]\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6f5c\u5f52\u201d\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6559\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6084\u6084\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u201c\u54b8\u4e30\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u6d0b\u5386\u516b\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u6709\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u9012\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4eba\u5085\u6c5f\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b89\u8083\u53bf\u5dee\u4eba\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u6536\u76d1\u5019\u5ba1\u3002\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u6050\u7d2f\u53ca\u6559\u4f17\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u9996\u4e8e\u5b98\u3002\u8d56\u6709\u62c9\u843c\u5c3c\u901a\u5546\u4e4b\u7ea6\uff0c[8]\u5b98\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u64c5\u52a0\u5211\u622e\uff0c\u6d3e\u5dee\u9001\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u6f5c\u5f52\uff0c\u7167\u5e38\u6cbb\u7406\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u201d[9]\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7279\u6d3e\u7684\u5927\u5458\u5f20\u9521\u7eb6\u548c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e5f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u56e0\u4fe1\u5dee\u88ab\u6293\u800c\u81ea\u9996\uff0c\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u6842\u826f\u5224\u5904\u5c06\u4ed6\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u770b\u62bc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u5f20\u9521\u7eb6\u3002[10]\u5b89\u8083\u5373\u4eca\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u5f90\u6c34\u53bf\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5b89\u5bb6\u5e84\u6709\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5f53\u5e74\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u4f17\u5f88\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90ed\u5d69\u7118\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u91cc\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff1a\uff08\u54b8\u4e30\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u4e8c\u6708\u5eff\u4e94\u65e5\u2026\u2026\u95fb\u50e7\u90b8\u8a00\uff0c\u77f3[\u53f2]\u519b\u95e8\u5904\u6709\u5b54\u541b\u4e00\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bba\u5937\u60c5\u9887\u6089\u3002\u56e0\u5f80\u95ee\u4e4b\u3002\u5b54\u541b\u5e7f\u6c49\uff0c\u5b89\u8083\u53bf\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e\u519b\u95e8\u6709\u621a\u8c0a\u4e91\u3002\u5b89\u8083\u5b89\u5bb6\u5e84\uff0c\u7686\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u6709\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6717\u897f\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u8a00\u5937\u8a00[\u4e8b\uff1f]\u7686\u6709\u8bc1\u9a8c\u3002\u53c8\u6709\u5b9d\u577b\u751f\u5458\u738b\u632f\u6052\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u6c82\u5dde\u5e9c\u7ecf\u5386\u5f20\u9521\u7eb6\uff08\u4ea6\u5b89\u8083\u4eba\uff09\u4e0e\u4ea4\u597d\uff0c\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c15\u8d34\u7ed9\u5b5f\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bf4\u82f1\u5937\u65e0\u6ecb\u6270\u3002[11]\u6709\u4e86\u5b89\u8083\u3001\u5f20\u9521\u7eb6\u8fd9\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u6f5c\u5f52\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8a22\u53ef\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u594f\u6298\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\uff09\u8bf7\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e8b\u300210\u670828\u65e5\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5728\u7ed9\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u6c47\u62a5\u7684\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u5176\u4f20\u6559\u4eba\u6709\u6b32\u79c1\u89c1\u81e3\u5955\u8a22\u5bc6\u8bc9\u60c5\u5f62\u8005\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u82f1\u5937\u8c8c\u5408\u5fc3\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6562\u907d\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fdf\u5176\u6765\u89c1\uff0c\u5148\u7531\u5974\u624d\u6587\u7965\u63a5\u6664\uff0c\u67e5\u5176\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u4e8e\u771f\u8bda\uff0c\u518d\u884c\u76f8\u673a\u529e\u7406\u3002\u60df\u73b0\u5728\u5978\u7ec6\u6781\u591a\uff0c\u8be5\u5937\u4ee5\u91cd\u4ef7\u8d2d\u8bbf\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u5937\u8c0b\u4e3b\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e02\u4e95\u5c0f\u6c11\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u77e5\u6587\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u8d2a\u5229\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u7528\u2026\u2026\u73b0\u5728\u81e3\u7b49\u5bc6\u6388\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u673a\u5b9c\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5f00\u5bfc\u4f5b\u5937\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5148\u884c\u64a4\u9000\u2026\u2026[12]\u53c8\u5728\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\uff081860\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u2026\u2026\u524d\u65e5\u4f5b\u5937\u5b5f\u914b\u53ca\u827e\u914b[13]\u7b49\u575a\u6b32\u8c12\u89c1\u81e3\u7b49\uff0c\u81e3\u5955\u8a22\u4ee4\u81e3\u6587\u7965\u63a5\u89c1\u3002\u8be5\u4e8c\u914b\u521d\u4ee5\u6761\u7ea6\u5185\u8f7d\u4f20\u6559\u5404\u8282\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u8bae\u8bba\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u8a00\u53ca\u8be5\u56fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u6d3d\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u5174\u5175\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7275\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u613f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653b\u527f\u53d1\u9006\u7b49\u8bed\u3002\u81e3\u6587\u7965\u89c1\u5176\u5047\u8a00\u6bb7\u52e4\uff0c\u672a\u4fbf\u4e00\u53e3\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u5373\u544a\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u5916\u548c\u597d\uff0c\u5c14\u56fd\u5728\u6b64\u4e3a\u5ba2\uff0c\u672a\u4fbf\u6709\u52b3\u5c14\u5e08\u3002\u4f0a\u4ea6\u9ed8\u7136\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8be5\u914b\u7b49\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f92\u4ee5\u53e3\u89d2\u89c1\u597d\uff0c\u7a76\u5219\u6beb\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u672a\u6562\u8f7b\u4fe1\u3002[14]\u5955\u8a22\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u662f\u201c\u575a\u6b32\u8c12\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u732e\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u300a\u8944\u7406\u519b\u52a1\u7eaa\u7565\u300b\u5377\u56db\u4e2d\u6709\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\uff09\u521d\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u7ec5\u5949\u606d\u90b8\u6765\u672d\uff0c\u5e76\u80dc\u5e05\u590d\u4e66\uff0c\u968f\u53c8\u5949\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u745e\u590d\u4e66\uff0c\u4f8d\u90ce\u6587\u7965\u51fd\uff0c\u5747\u4ee4\u5165\u90fd\u8bae\u4e8b\u3002\u201d[15]\u5904\u7406\u8bae\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u3001\u521a\u5728\u516b\u91cc\u6865\u5403\u4e86\u8d25\u4ed7\u9003\u56de\u4eac\u57ce\u7684\u80dc\u4fdd\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u745e\u9e9f\u4ee5\u53ca\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b65\u519b\u7edf\u9886\u6587\u7965\u7b49\u56db\u540d\u5927\u5458\u4e00\u540c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u5f20\u7ec5\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u53bb\u5546\u91cf\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u5f20\u7ec5\u201d\u672c\u540d\u5f20\u9526\u6587\uff081795-1875\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u7ee3\u5ca9\uff0c\u9053\u54b8\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6d25\u82a6\u76d0\u5546\u5de8\u8d3e\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6240\u521b\u7684\u62db\u724c\u662f\u201c\u76ca\u7167\u4e34\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u76ca\u7167\u4e34\u5f20\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6e05\u672b\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u516b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81ea\u54b8\u4e30\u4e09\u5e74\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5317\u4f10\u8d8b\u6d25\uff0c\u5230\u54b8\u4e30\u516b\u5e74\u548c\u5341\u5e74\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u4e24\u6b21\u8fdb\u72af\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c11\u56e2\u51fa\u94b1\u51fa\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u54b8\u4e30\u4e5d\u5e74\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u4e86\u5929\u6d25\u57ce\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u201c\u652f\u5e94\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u91c7\u4e70\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u8054\u519b\u7684\u7269\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u4e0e\u82f1\u519b\u8fc7\u4ece\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\u9047\u5230\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5411\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6559\uff0c[16]\u6240\u4ee5\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u627e\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5728\u60c5\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u54c1\u9876\u6234\u5f20\u9526\u6587\uff0c\u524d\u4e8e\u54b8\u4e30\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u51fb\u9000\u53d1\u9006\uff0c\u5fe0\u4e49\u594b\u53d1\uff0c\u5e72\u7ec3\u6709\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u7235\u7d20\u6240\u6df1\u6089\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u9762\u8c15\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ef0\u8be5\u5458\u661f\u901f\u9a70\u8d74\u884c\u8f95\uff0c\u6bcb\u7a0d\u8fdf\u7f13\u3002\u201d[17]\u80dc\u4fdd\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c55\u8bf5\u624b\u4e66\uff0c\u5177\u6089\u7d20\u80fd\u7559\u5fc3\u65f6\u4e8b\u3002\u4ec6\u73b0\u5728\u7763\u5e08\uff0c\u524d\u6708\u521d\u4e03\u65e5\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u82e5\u975e\u4e34\u9635\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u51e0\u6210\u5927\u6377\u3002\u73b0\u53f7\u53ec\u63f4\u5e08\uff0c\u4e25\u5175\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u5982\u548c\u8bae\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u5b9a\u5f53\u7763\u5175\u75db\u527f\u3002\u606d\u90b8\u73b0\u6709\u9762\u8c15\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ec6\u4ea6\u671b\u5373\u6765\u8425\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6bb7\u76fc\u3002\u201d[18]\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u745e\u9e9f\u590d\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u9877\u63a5\u6765\u7ff0\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u5fe7\u56fd\u4fdd\u6c11\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u5b88\u548c\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9a\u5c40\uff0c\u60df\u671b\u8fc5\u901f\u6765\u4eac\uff0c\u4ffe\u5f97\u5171\u5546\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u5927\u5c40\u3002\u52a1\u4ee5\u4eac\u4e2d\u751f\u7075\u4e3a\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6551\u65f6\u8270\uff0c\u5e78\u52ff\u63a8\u8bff\u3002\u201d[19]\u6587\u7965\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u526f\u620e\u9601\u4e0b\uff1a\u81ea\u7678\u4e11\u4e4b\u51ac\uff0c\u51fb\u9000\u53d1\u9006\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u6893\u4e61\u3002\u620a\u5348\u590f\uff0c\u53c8\u9996\u521b\u4e49\u4e3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6548\u5fe0\u5ff1\u3002\u53ea\u56e0\u5f53\u65f6\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u9042\u81f3\u529f\u8d25\u5782\u6210\uff0c\u60cb\u60dc\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u5f25\u6df1\u94a6\u4f69\u3002\u60df\u7d20\u8046\u82b3\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u7adf\u672a\u89cf\u9762\uff0c\u5179\u606d\u90b8\u884c\u6587\uff0c\u8c03\u5373\u6765\u90fd\uff0c\u60f3\u8c6a\u6770\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f97\u6709\u77e5\u5df1\uff0c\u81ea\u5f53\u661f\u9a70\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b54\u56fd\u58eb\u4e4b\u77e5\u3002\u6b64\u95f4\u73b0\u6709\u9762\u5546\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a1\u5e0c\u5373\u65e5\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e78\u52ff\u8fdf\u6ede\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u7977\u4f01\uff01\u201d[20]\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u884c\u6587\u770b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u5148\u7ed9\u8fd9\u51e0\u4f4d\u5927\u81e3\u53bb\u4e86\u4fe1\uff0c\u8c08\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u4fe1\u4efb\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u9762\u5546\u3002\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u4e5d\u6708\u521d\u516d\uff0810\u670819\u65e5\uff09\u675f\u88c5\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u521d\u4e5d\u65e5\u5148\u5728\u5f70\u4eea\u95e8\u5916\u5929\u5b81\u5bfa\u89c1\u4e86\u80dc\u4fdd\uff0c\u80dc\u4fdd\u95ee\u4ed6\u8be5\u6218\u8fd8\u662f\u8be5\u548c\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5b9c\u6218\uff0c\u8bae\u548c\u53ef\u8033\u3002\u201d\u80dc\u4fdd\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u540c\u3002\u7136\u540e\u80dc\u4fdd\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u53bb\u89c1\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u4eca\u6d77\u6dc0\u88ab\u6270\uff0c\u5f53\u4f55\u4ee5\u5904\u4e4b\uff1f\u201d\u5f20\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u5b9c\u7ef4\u6301\u5927\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u606d\u738b\u53c8\u95ee\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u6709\u4fe1\u8bae\u548c\uff0c\u679c\u5426\uff1f\u201d\u5f20\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u4fdf\u63a2\u542c\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u518d\u4e3a\u7980\u590d\u3002\u201d\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u95ee\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u662f\u94fa\u57ab\uff0c\u201c\u6d77\u6dc0\u88ab\u6270\u201d\u662f\u630710\u670818\u65e5\u5706\u660e\u56ed\u88ab\u70e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bae\u548c\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u52aa\u529b\u63a2\u542c\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53cb\u4eba\u901a\u77e5\u4ed6\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4f7f\u9986\u8bbe\u5bb4\u62db\u5f85\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u4f7f\u81e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u63a2\u542c\u865a\u5b9e\u3002[21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u5c31\u8981\u4e0a\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u201c\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\uff09\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\uff0c\u9648\u5141\u6cc9\u3001\u674e\u5174\u6d77\u3001\u674e\u6885\u6e56\u6765\u5bd3\uff0c\u56e0\u8bed\u4ee5\uff1a\u2018\u6628\u89c1\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u3001\u8463\u82e5\u7ff0\u4e8c\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u8a00\uff1a\u2018\u53d1\u9006\u73b0\u76d8\u8e1e\u91d1\u9675\u53ca\u82cf\u676d\u7b49\u5904\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u5175\u8d39\uff0c\u5373\u884c\u63aa\u529e\uff0c\u8be5\u6559\u58eb\u5373\u89c1\u8be5\u56fd\u4f7f\u81e3\u8a00\u660e\u2026\u2026\u987b\u4e8e\u7b75\u5bb4\u65f6\uff0c\u606d\u90b8\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0e\u8a00\uff0c\u4e8b\u5fc5\u534f\u77e3\u3002\u2019\u2019\u201d\u6709\u670b\u53cb\u901a\u77e5\u5f20\u9526\u6587\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u548c\u8463\u82e5\u7ff0\u4e24\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u8ba9\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u519b\u5e2e\u52a9\u527f\u706d\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u548c\u82cf\u676d\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u662f\u606d\u90b8\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5728\u573a\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5efa\u8bae\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u548c\u80dc\u4fdd\u6253\u62db\u547c\u3002\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\uff09\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u5e26\u7740\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53bb\u89c1\u80dc\u4fdd\uff0c\u201c\u8be5\u6559\u58eb\u5373\u5c06\u6b32\u6d7c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\uff0c\u5357\u5e73\u53d1\u9006\u4e8b\u9762\u9648\u3002\u201d\u80dc\u4fdd\u542c\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u4e3b\uff0c\u56de\u590d\u8bf4\u8981\u5411\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u6c47\u62a5\u540e\u518d\u4e3a\u7b79\u8bae\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u80dc\u4fdd\u7684\u594f\u6298\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u6587\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff081860\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5\uff09\u636e\u4e8c\u54c1\u8854\u5546\u4eba\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u6765\u8425\u9762\u7980\uff0c\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u4e4b\u5937\u914b\u5b5f\u59d3\u3001\u8463\u59d3\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u5355\u9a91\u524d\u6765\u8c12\u89c1\u3002\u6709\u9762\u4e3a\u7980\u5546\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5e\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u4e3a\u5148\u5bb9\u3002\u5974\u624d\u77e5\u5937\u60c5\u591a\u7591\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u65e2\u5df2\u8bae\u548c\uff0c\u82e5\u5cfb\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u8f6c\u975e\u5766\u767d\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u5f53\u5373\u4f20\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u8d50\u4ee5\u5750\u3002\u8be2\u5176\u6765\u610f\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u4f0a\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee\u53ca\u5176\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u5747\u613f\u8bae\u548c\u901a\u5546\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u6076\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u82f1\u56fd\u501f\u5175\u5f3a\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u65e2\u5f52\u548c\u597d\uff0c\u4f0a\u56fd\u613f\u62e8\u5175\u6570\u5343\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u52a9\u527f\u957f\u6bdb\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c1\u8bda\u610f\u3002\u5e76\u8be5\u5937\u9887\u77e5\u5974\u624d\u8eab\u4e3a\u5bbf\u5c06\uff0c\u5177\u9053\u503e\u6155\u2026\u2026\u6628\u590d\u636e\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u7980\u79f0\uff0c\u5b5f\u3001\u8463\u4e8c\u59d3\u56de\u62a5\u8be5\u56fd\u4f7f\u81e3\uff0c\u751a\u4e3a\u6b23\u60a6\uff0c\u4e1a\u5df2\u5c06\u5937\u5175\u64a4\u9000\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u201c[22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u91cc\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u66fe\u5efa\u8bae\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u527f\u706d\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u5955\u8a22\u3001\u80dc\u4fdd\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u594f\u6298\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u8944\u7406\u519b\u52a1\u7eaa\u7565\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u89c1\u8fc7\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u548c\u6587\u7965\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5404\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u4e00\u30021860\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u6cd5\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u793c\u90e8\u4ea4\u6362\u6761\u7ea6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u65b9\u4e8e10\u670828\u65e5\u5728\u5357\u5802\u4e3a\u9635\u4ea1\u7684\u6cd5\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u4e3e\u884c\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u9a6c\u8f66\u62c9\u77406\u5177\u68fa\u6901\u53bb\u961c\u6210\u95e8\u5916\u7684\u6ed5\u516c\u6805\u680f\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5893\u5730\uff08\u4eca\u5317\u4eac\u515a\u6821\u9662\u5185\uff09\u5b89\u846c\u3002\u5728\u4e3e\u884c\u5f25\u6492\u540e\u846c\u793c\u961f\u4f0d\u51fa\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7a81\u7136\u6d3e\u4eba\u628a\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u8bf7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u6709\u8981\u4e8b\u76f8\u5546\u3002\u201c\u793c\u6bd5\u53d1\u5f15\uff0c\u5ffd\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5dee\u5b98\uff0c\u6765\u8bf7\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u9762\u6664\uff0c\u6545\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u5f53\u65f6\u672a\u5f97\u968f\u8f00\u3002\u8fe8\u6664\u4eb2\u738b\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u9a70\u81f3\u8314\u5730\uff0c\u795d\u5723\u68fa\u6901\uff0c\u6ba1\u846c\u5982\u793c\u3002\u6309\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u6b64\u65e5\u8bf7\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u9762\u6664\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u7f18\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u867d\u4e0e\u82f1\u6cd5\u8ba2\u548c\uff0c\u7136\u89c1\u4eac\u4e2d\u6d0b\u5175\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u60ac\u60ac\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u7279\u8bf7\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u8be2\u95ee\u5e95\u91cc\u3002\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u6267\u5176\u53cc\u624b\uff0c\u6e29\u8a00\u5bbd\u6170\uff0c\u76db\u8a00\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u4fe1\u4e8e\u7136\u8bfa\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u6e1d\u76df\u82db\u8650\u4e4b\u7406\u3002\u5feb\u8c08\u903e\u65f6\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u59cb\u5f97\u91ca\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u662f\u501a\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u6700\u6df1\uff0c\u6240\u8a00\u4ff1\u4ece\u3002\u53ca\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u6d3e\u5458\u9001\u846c\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u611f\u5ff5\u4e0d\u7f6e\u3002\u201d[23]\u548c\u7ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b7e\u4e86\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6d0b\u5175\u8d76\u7d27\u8d70\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7687\u4e0a\u56de\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7740\u6025\u901a\u8fc7\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u6253\u63a2\u6cd5\u65b9\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5728\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cc\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u89c1\u9762\u7279\u522b\u6709\u753b\u9762\u611f\uff0c\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u6267\u5176\u53cc\u624b\u201d\uff01\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4f1a\u5ba2\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u4e0a\u662f\u5ba2\u4eba\u7531\u4ec6\u4eba\u5e26\u8fdb\u5ba2\u5385\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u8bf7\u843d\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba2\u53cc\u65b9\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u9694\u7740\u4e2a\u8fb9\u51e0\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u5750\u7740\u7684\u8bdd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63e1\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4eba\u662f\u7ad9\u7740\u804a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5408\u793c\u5236\uff0c\u592a\u968f\u610f\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53e5\u80a2\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6a0a\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0e\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u6cd5\u519b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98\u57c3\u5229\u677e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5bf9\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7a81\u7136\u53ec\u89c1\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e00\u4e8b\u505a\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002[24]\u4e0d\u8fc7\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u8bf7\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u6765\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5728\u4ed6\u7ed9\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u672a\u7740\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c01\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u9644\u4e86\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e8e\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\uff0810\u670830\u65e5\uff09\u548c\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u516b\u65e5\uff0810\u670831\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u5c01\u5173\u4e8e\u6cd5\u519b\u64a4\u5175\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u201c\u524d\u56e0\u8bae\u53ca\u56de\u5175\u4e8b\uff0c\u672c\u9274\u7267\u5373\u65e5\u8d74\u672c\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee\u53ca\u5c06\u519b\u516c\u9986\u5bc6\u8bae\u8be6\u5546\uff0c\u9648\u8bf4\u6c38\u597d\u5df2\u65e2\u5e94\u5141\u4e8e\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u660e\u65e5\u5373\u5175\u5206\u4e24\u961f\u9000\u56de\uff0c\u672c\u94a6\u5dee\u7559\u5175\u65e0\u51e0\uff0c\u4fdf\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee\u540c\u884c\u3002\u201d[25]\u8bf4\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u4eba\u89c1\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u8c08\u5230\u8fc7\u201c\u56de\u5175\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u201c\u5e94\u5141\u201d\u9000\u5175\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5bc6\u8bae\u8be6\u5546\u201d\u3002\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u5b5f\u6258\u73ed\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u53ef\u7565\u7aa5\u4e00\u4e8c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c10\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u6765\u8bbf\u3002\u4ed6\u6765\u5411\u6211\u6c47\u62a5\u4ed6\u4e0e\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54c1\u683c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u5c31\u6b64\u8bdd\u9898\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u80de\u906d\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u5411\u5b5f\u4e3b\u6559\u6253\u63a2\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u845b\u7f57\u7537\u7235\u540c\u610f\u7b7e\u7f72\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u9075\u5b88\u534f\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e5f\u5411\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u5f20\u6253\u63a2\u90a3\u756a\u8bdd\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d[26]10\u670828\u65e5\u7684\u846c\u793c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u53c8\u53bb\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u8499\u6258\u90a6\uff0c\u8f6c\u8fbe\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\uff1a\u201c\u56de\u5230\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u6765\u62dc\u8bbf\u6211\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u6c47\u62a5\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e0e\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e05\u671d\u5c06\u519b\u6c88\u8446\u6862\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u80dc\u4fdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c88\u8446\u6862\uff09\u7684\u4f1a\u9762\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u9075\u5b88\u6761\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u79bb\u5f00\u5317\u4eac\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5f97\u77e5\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u5ef6\u957f\u9017\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u540e\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb3\u6015\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u662f\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u845b\u7f57\u7537\u7235\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\u7ed9\u4ed6\u9012\u4e86\u5f20\u4fbf\u6761\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u79bb\u4eac\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u6211\u8bf7\u4e3b\u6559\u8f6c\u544a\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u9075\u5b88\u6211\u65b9\u7279\u4f7f\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e11\u67081\u65e5\u64a4\u79bb\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u201d[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"787\" src=\"http:\/\/116.62.177.32\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng04.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7070\" srcset=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng04.jpg 600w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng04-229x300.jpg 229w, http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mengzhensheng04-114x150.jpg 114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u4e2d\u82f1\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u7f72\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8a22<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u548c\u7ea6\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u524d\u540e\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u80af\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u83b7\u53d6\u8fc7\u6cd5\u519b\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u524d\u671f\u6709\u5f20\u9526\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u642d\u7ebf\uff0c\u501f\u7740\u80dc\u4fdd\u8fd9\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6587\u7965\u548c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u89c1\u4e86\u9762\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u540e\u8ba4\u53ef\u5b5f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u519b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u540c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u671f\u53c8\u501f\u52a9\u5b5f\u53bb\u63a2\u542c\u6cd5\u519b\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u64a4\u79bb\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\uff1b\u5b5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5c45\u95f4\u8bf4\u548c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u65b9\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u94fa\u8def\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ed9\u4e2d\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f3c\u6709\u5938\u5927\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1b\u6cd5\u65b9\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u5b9e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u60c5\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u6211\u7c97\u7565\u68c0\u7d22\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u671f\u95f4\u6587\u672c\u884c\u6587\u7684\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6587\u672c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9887\u6709\u201c\u7f57\u751f\u95e8\u201d\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u60c5\u62a5\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u8d70\u6837\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u503e\u5411\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u6b63\u786e\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u633d\u56de\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875<br>[2]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875<br>[3]\u3010\u7f8e\u3011\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u3001\u5218\u5e7f\u4eac\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u56fd\u665a\u6e05\u53f2 1800-1911\u5e74\u300b\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c530\u9875<br>[4]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875<br>[5]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c18\u9875<br>[6]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875<br>[7]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c28\u9875<br>[8]\u8fd9\u91cc\u63071844\u5e74\u4e2d\u6cd5\u53cc\u53d1\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u9ec4\u57d4\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e13\u8bbe\u6761\u6b3e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u3002<br>[9]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875<br>[10]\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u6842\u826f\u594f\u4e3a\u5148\u5c06\u6cd5\u6559\u58eb\u5b5f\u9547\u5347\u89e3\u5f80\u6c5f\u82cf\u647a\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u56db\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\uff081854\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u5408\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u7eed\u7f16\uff1a\u6e05\u672b\u6559\u6848\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c159\u9875<br>[11]\u90ed\u5d69\u7118\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u90ed\u5d69\u7118\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1981\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c229\u9875<br>[12]\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u5955\u8a22\u7b49\u594f\u4e0e\u82f1\u6cd5\u6362\u7ea6\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u5f62\u5e76\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6cd5\u5175\u5148\u9000\u6298\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c223-224\u9875<br>[13]\u5373\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u526f\u624b\u8463\u82e5\u7ff0\uff08Jean Baptiste Anouilh, 1818-1869\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u827e\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u7684\u59d3Anouilh\u3002<br>[14]\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u5955\u8a22\u7b49\u594f\u82f1\u5175\u5b9a\u671f\u64a4\u56de\u6d25\u90e1\u5e76\u63a5\u89c1\u82f1\u4f7f\u7b49\u5404\u60c5\u5f62\u6298\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c237-238\u9875<br>[15]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c550\u9875<br>[16]\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u6587\u53f2\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u9009\u8f91\u300b\u7b2c116\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u6d25\u516b\u5927\u5bb6\u201d\u7b2c199-200\u9875<br>[17]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c550\u9875<br>[18]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c550\u9875<br>[19]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c550-551\u9875<br>[20]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c551\u9875<br>[21]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c552\u9875<br>[22]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c231\u9875<br>[23]\u6a0a\u56fd\u6a11\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u5f00\u6559\u7565\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6551\u4e16\u5802\uff0c1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c30\u9875<br>[24] \u201c\u5317\u4eac\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u53bb\u4e86\u7687\u5bab\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u63a5\u5f85\u3002\u4e00\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u76f4\u5954\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u6162\u524d\u884c\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u4ed6\u8d70\u5728\u795e\u752b\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u8eab\u7a7f\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u670d\u88c5\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e3b\u6301\u846c\u793c\u3002\u201d\u3010\u6cd5\u3011\u57c3\u5229\u677e\u8457\uff0c\u5e94\u8fdc\u9a6c\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98\u624b\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e2d\u897f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c278-279\u9875\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u57c3\u5229\u677e\u6240\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e0d\u5728\u7687\u5bab\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5929\u5b81\u5bfa\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ba3\u6b66\u95e8\u5185\u7684\u5357\u5802\u4e0d\u7b97\u8fdc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u5b8c\u5168\u6765\u7684\u53ca\u8d76\u4e0a\u9001\u846c\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u3002<br>[25]\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c240\u9875<br>[26]\u3010\u6cd5\u3011\u5e93\u8d5e\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8499\u6258\u90a6\u8457\uff0c\u738b\u5927\u667a\u3001\u9648\u5a1f\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u8499\u6258\u90a6\u5f81\u6218\u4e2d\u56fd\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u897f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c361-362\u9875<br>[27]\u3010\u6cd5\u3011\u5e93\u8d5e\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8499\u6258\u90a6\u8457\uff0c\u738b\u5927\u667a\u3001\u9648\u5a1f\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u8499\u6258\u90a6\u5f81\u6218\u4e2d\u56fd\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u897f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c376-377\u9875<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u9635\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u5728\u552e\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u8096\u50cf\u7167\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3a\u201cMissionnaire en Chine\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u90a3\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f57 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/?p=7065\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u5b5f\u632f\u751f\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7f57\u751f\u95e8<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1005,1004,1006,705],"class_list":["post-7065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historyresearch","tag-joseph-martial-mouly","tag-1004","tag-1006","tag-705"],"views":5140,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7065"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7076,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7065\/revisions\/7076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jiuyingzhi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}